High-resolution reflection seismics applied to detection of groundwater resources 
                                   in glacial deposits,Sweden

                                     reporter:Yu-Wan Chen

                                           Abstract

           A large proportion of Sweden’s ground water resources is contained in sand/gravel
         glaciofluvial deposits that overlie
           Precambrian crystalline basement and are covered by clay. The depth to the
         sand/gravel deposits varies from near-surface to about 100m and their thickness is
         generally 10-20m. Traditionally,due to logistics,short refraction seismic profiles and
         penetration tests have been used to localize the sand/gravel deposits below the clay
         and to determine their thickness.However, when the overlying clay deposits are thick
         or the glacial deposits show significant 2-D structure,refracting waves may not
         penetrate into the sand/gravel deposits or into the crystalline basement,Reflection
         seismic methods provide an alternative mapping method and a test profile was
         acquaired over glacial deposits where the structure is well known,Standard processing
         shows,in general,excellent agreement between the seismic image and the structure
         determined from penetration tests.

                                          References

         Steeples,D.W.,and R.D. Miller,1990,Seismic-reflection methods applied to engineering,
         environmental,and ground-water problems:Soc,Explor.Geophys.volumes on Geotechnical 
         and Environmental Geophysics,Stan Ward,exl.,Volnme 1:Review and Tnterial,1-30

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